X% of Y = X ÷ 100 × Y, so 15% of 2,000 is 300. X is what percent of Y = X ÷ Y × 100, so 50 is 25% of 200. Percentage change = (new − old) ÷ old × 100, so a move from 80 to 100 is +25%. Handy for discounts, exam marks, profit margins and price changes.
Use it for discounts and sale prices, exam marks, profit margins, salary increments and price changes.